Tunneling is a sophisticated and vital engineering activity that facilitates the construction of subterranean passages for various applications, ranging from transportation to utility infrastructure. Over the decades, various tunneling methods have been developed, each suited to specific geologic, environmental, and urban conditions. This article explores the different methods of tunneling construction, with a focus on the contributions of Encardio Rite, a leader in geotechnical, structural, and environmental monitoring solutions, to these methodologies worldwide.
1. The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)