|
Consolidation of Soft Soil
settlement may occur when constructing projects such as highway
embankments, dams, large storage areas, tanks, airport runways or
buildings on soft compressible soil, due to the consolidation of
soil under the superimposed load. To avoid serious and potentially
expensive problems due to such settlements, construction of a
facility on top of a soft soil will normally be delayed until there
is assurance that it will not be damaged by settlement that occurs
during subsequent consolidation. If the predicted delay is not
acceptable the time required for consolidation can be reduced by
using consolidation techniques like surcharging and/or installation
of vertical drains. This paper discusses the role of instrumentation
in determining initial site condition and for monitoring the
consolidation process. A typical case study of the Kandla sea port
has been presented. The role of piezometer, vertical settlement
devices, inclinometer system and the significance of their data in
monitoring the consolidation process has been discussed.
for details click here (PDF file)
Instrumentation of Bridges
Instrumentation of bridges is done to verify design parameters,
evaluate performance of new technologies used in bridge
construction, verify and control the construction process and for
subsequent performance monitoring. Well instrumented bridges can
alert responsible authorities to approaching failure so that
preventive measures can be initiated. Choice of proper sensor types,
technology, measurement range and their location on the bridge is
very important to optimise costs and to extract full benefits of
instrumentation. This paper describes the different bridge
parameters which need to be monitored and the types of sensors
available for monitoring them. The advantages of using vibrating
wire type sensors, where available, is explained. A typical bridge
instrumentation scheme is described to give an idea of the number of
sensors and their location, cabling arrangement, and data
acquisition system required to instrument a typical multi-span box
section road bridge over a river.
for details click here (PDF file)
Seepage
measurement in an open channel through a weir
Seepage of water through, around or under a dam is expected in all
embankment dams and even in concrete dams. For an embankment dam,
seepage monitoring is probably the single most important form of
performance observation. Some quantity of seepage is unavoidable and
if not properly channeled, can be a threat to the dam. Thus, the
quantity of seepage, the location of seepage path and the velocity
of seepage water are of great concern in analyzing the structural
behavior of a dam. This paper discusses the importance of seepage
monitoring and describes how to take the measurements with formulae
and examples. The quantity of seepage entering a seepage collection
system is normally directly related to the level of the water in the
reservoir. Some of the methods used for measuring seepage, like
calibrated catch container, flow meter, Parshall flumes, weir are
also discussed in the paper. The weir method is described in detail.
for
details click here (PDF file)
Instrumentation of underground metro corridors
 The
mass rapid transit system (MRTS) forms the very backbone of
transportation infrastructure of any bustling metropolitan city in
the world. The underground metro is a vital constituent of (even
synonymous to) a MRTS. Generally underground metro projects have a
comprehensive instrumentation and monitoring program, more so during
the construction phases, when there are population, buildings or
other structures of interest in the vicinity of the underground
construction activities. Instrumentation monitoring in general, is
carried out at strategic locations selected along the entire length
of the underground metro corridor tunnel alignments and station
boxes. Its scope includes: monitoring of the structures under
construction together with the ground, buildings and other
facilities within the predicted zone of influence.
for details click here (PDF file)
Landslide
and role of instrumentation in mitigation of their effect
Landslides, denudation and other associated processes of erosion
have to be accepted as part of the natural process. They are
intractable being a function of gravity and time. They play an
essential role in the synchrony by which uplifting continents are
continually worn down, their sediments swept away and deposited
somewhere else to start anew. They fit well into the perpetual cycle
of creation and destruction. During rainy season and sometimes even
otherwise, tons of earth gives away down steep slopes causing
devastating landslides. Instrumentation pre-warns us of these
imminent disasters. By implementing a good prediction and
forewarning system coupled with effective efforts to control and
mitigate landslides, destruction caused by landslides can be reduced
by more than 75 % of what would normally occur.
for details click here (PDF file)
|
|
©2008 Copyright
All rights reserved.
Encardio-rite
Electronics Pvt. Ltd.
A-7 Industrial Estate, Talkatora Road, Lucknow, UP-226011, India
P +91 522 2661044, 2661040; F +91 522 2661043; websales@encardio.com |
